BACKGROUND: It has been shown that the rate at which a meal leaves the abomasum is influenced by the volume, constituents and pH of the chyme through duodenal receptors. Adirect correlation between tonicity of oral solutions and ABOMASAL EMPTYING has been observed. It has been noted that if the osmolarity of an oral solution is increased, the rate of EMPTYING from the abomasum decreases. Nowadays Hypertonic solutions are widely used to treat septic shock and diarrhea.OBJECTIVES: Determination of the effects of intravenous hypertonic Dextrose and Sodium Chloride solutions on the ABOMASAL EMPTYING in neonatal calves.METHODS: The present study was carried out on Six 5 to 8 day-old colostrum-fed Holstein-Friesian calves. Calves were administered each of 4 treatments in a crossover study. Each calf was weighed and then assigned to one of the following treatments at 1 ml/kg body weight (BW) IV in random order: 1) 0.9% NaCl, equivalent to 308 mOsm/L (volume control); 2) 7.2% NaCl, equivalent to 2500 mOsm/L (osmolality control); 3) 5% dextrose, equivalent to 0.05 g dextrose/kg BW at 250 mOsm/L; and 4) 50% dextrose, equivalent to 0.5 g dextrose/kg BW at 2500 mOsm/L. All 4 solutions were injected over 1 minute at a smooth rate, and time = 0 minutes was the start of injection. Immediately after administration of each treatment, the calves were allowed to suckle 2L of fresh cow’s milk at room temperature (190 to 220C) that contained a dose of acetaminophen (50 mg/kg BW). ABOMASAL EMPTYING rate was measured by use of the acetaminophen absorption technique as previously described. Venous blood samples for determination of plasma acetaminophen, glucose and insulin concentration were collected.RESULTS: The results of the current study revealed that there was no difference in ABOMASAL EMPTYING rate between the 4 treatments.CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that IV isotonic and hypertonic solutions, unlike the oral route have no effect on ABOMASAL EMPTYING.

A comparative study on the effect of erythromycin and ivermectin on ABOMASAL EMPTYING in Holstein-Friesian calves Motilides namely erythromycin have a great ability to increase ABOMASAL EMPTYING rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ABOMASAL EMPTYING rate in calves receiving either erythromycin or ivermectin. Five male Holstein-Friesian calves were given each of the following 4 treatments in random order: Control, 2 mL of 0.9% NaCl IM, erythromycin, 8.8 mg/kg IM, ivermectin, 200 ug/kg IV. ABOMASAL EMPTYING rate was assessed by acetaminophen absorption. Calves were fed 2 L of cow milk containing acetaminophen (50 mg/kg body weight) 30 min after each treatment was administered and jugular venous blood samples were obtained periodically after suckling. The maximum observed plasma concentration (Actual Cmax) and time of maximum observed plasma concentration (Actual Tmax) were obtained from a plot of the plasma acetaminophen concentration versus time data. Non linear regression analysis was used to model the plasma acetaminophen concentration-time relationship and calculate Model Cmax and Model Tmax. The results showed that administration of ivermectin could increase the ABOMASAL EMPTYING rate but to a lesser extent compared to erythromycin. Also the increase in plasma glucose after administration of ivermectin was comparable to erythromycin. The study also revealed that ivermectin unlike other motilides in spite of lacking a dimethylamino group could affect the gastrointestinal motility. This might imply that ivermectin exerts its effect via a different route other than affecting motilin receptors, or may question necessariness of dimethy amino group for the promotility effects.

BACKGROUND: ABOMASAL hypomotility plays an important role in pathogenesis of some ABOMASAL disorders such as ABOMASAL bloat which has the same serious side effects associated with using synthetic drugs for its treatment, such as diarrhea and antibiotic resistance. To decreasing these side effects, administration of herbal medicine is a good way. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of oral administration of turmeric aqueous extract on rate of ABOMASAL EMPTYING rate in neonatal lambs. METHODS: This study was conducted on twelve five-day-old Sangsari-female-lambs (average weight 3 kg). All lambs received five oral treatments, including saline (30 ml), erythromycin (400 mg), turmeric 200 mg/kg, turmeric 250 mg/kg, and turmeric 300 mg/kg, respectively. At 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 240 minutes after each treatment, plasma samples of lambs were taken. The rate of ABOMASAL EMPTYING was determined with acetaminophen absorption test. RESULTS: Treatment with erythromycin and three different doses of aqueous extract of turmeric (200, 250, 300 mg/kg) increased the rate of ABOMASAL EMPTYING in comparison to the negative control treatment, significantly (P<0. 05). The stimulatory effect of erythromycin on ABOMASAL EMPTYING was higher than aquatic extract of turmeric, significantly (P<0. 05). No clinical side effects were observed following the administration of erythromycin and turmeric in lambs. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that aqueous extract of turmeric has a stimulatory effect on lamb's ABOMASAL EMPTYING but more studies are needed on the effect of this plant’ s components on ABOMASAL EMPTYING.

ABOMASAL hypomotility plays an important role in the pathogenesis of some ABOMASAL disorders such as ABOMASAL bloat that there are some serious side effects associated with using synthetic drugs for its treatment, such as diarrhea and antibiotic resistance and for decreasing these side effects, administration of herbal medicine can be an appropriate approach. Evaluating effect of Bunium persicum L on lamb, s ABOMASAL EMPTYING is the goal of this study. This study was conducted on twelve five-day-olds Sangsari-female-lamb (average weight 4 kg). lambs received five oral treatments including saline (30ml), Erythromycin (100 mg/kg), Caraway (0. 4 gr/kg), Caraway (0. 6 gr/kg) and Caraway (0. 8 gr/kg), respectively. Acetaminophen absorption test was used to evaluating the rate of ABOMASAL EMPTYING. After drawing relational model between plasma Acetaminophen concentration and time with regression method showed that treating with erythromycin and different levels of aqueous extract of Caraway seed (0. 4, 0. 6 and 0. 8 g/kg) increased the rate of ABOMASAL EMPTYING in comparison to the negative control, significantly. The stimulatory effect of erythromycin on ABOMASAL EMPTYING was higher than the aquatic extract of Caraway seed, significantly. No clinical side effect were observed following the administration of erythromycin and Caraway in lambs. This study showed that aqueous extract of Caraway seed has a stimulatory effect on lamb's ABOMASAL EMPTYING but more studies are needed on the effect of this seed, s components on ABOMASAL EMPTYING.

ABOMASAL hypomotility plays an important role in the pathogenesis of certain ABOMASAL disorders such as ABOMASAL bloat. Serious side effects such as diarrhea and antibiotic resistance are associated with using synthetic drugs for treatment of these disorders and administration of herbal medicine could be an appropriate approach to decrease these side effects. Therefore the goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of Folus fruit aqueous extract on ABOMASAL EMPTYING in lambs. This study was conducted on twelve five-day-old Sangsari-female-lambs (average weight 4 kg). Lambs received five oral treatments including saline (30 ml), erythromycin (400 mg) and folus at three different doses (700, 750 and 800 mg/kg) respectively. Acetaminophen absorption test was used to evaluate the rate of ABOMASAL EMPTYING. After drawing the association curve between plasma acetaminophen concentration and time using the regression method, it was indicated that treatment with erythromycin and three different doses of aqueous extract of folus fruit (700, 750, 800 mg/kg) significantly increased the rate of ABOMASAL EMPTYING in comparison to the negative control (p<0. 05). No clinical side effects were observed following the administration of erythromycin and folus in lambs. This study showed that aqueous extract of folus fruit has a stimulatory effect on ABOMASAL EMPTYING in lambs but further studies are required to determine the effects of various components of this plant on ABOMASAL EMPTYING.

BACKGROUND: Motilides mainly erythromycin have a great ability to increase ABOMASAL EMPTYING rate.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of erythromycin as a prokinetic agent on ABOMASAL EMPTYING rate and Immunoglobulin G absorption in neonatal calves.METHODS: Twelve Holstein neonate calves were divided into two groups (treatment and control) of 6 Calves each. One hour after birth, treatment and control groups were injected by Erythromycine (8.8 mg/kg; IM) and normal saline (IM). After 30 minutes, calves were fed by 3 liters of colostrum using esophageal tube. Venous blood samples for determination of plasma IgG were obtained at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 hours and 5 and 7 days after birth.RESULTS: The results showed that administration of erythromycin caused a significant increase in the serum IgG level (20.394 mg/mL), compared to the control group (15.021 mg/mL).CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that erythromycin increases the serum IgG level probably through ABOMASAL EMPTYING acceleration.

Background: Scintigraphy remains the gold standard to study gastric EMPTYING. We used this method to demonstrate the impact of delayed gastric EMPTYING on gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders. Materials and methods: For this case-control study, Scintigraphy was performed on 16 patients with documented GERD and 16 asymptomatic normal volunteers. The test meal was composed of two labeled fried eggs with two slices of bread, and 150 ml of unlabeled water. Images were obtained in anterior and posterior projections in 30-minute intervals for a total period of two hours. Gastric EMPTYING curves T1/2 (the estimated time required for the stomach to empty one-half of its original meal (and RA120 (gastric retention activity at 120 minute) were used for gastric EMPTYING evaluation. Results - Seven (43.75%) of patients had deviation in their gastric EMPTYING curves compared to normal limits. Mean T1/2 and RA120 of the patient group were 95.8±54.0 minutes and 33.0 ± 15.9 percent compared to 64.9±14.5 minute and 20.3 ±8.4 percent of asymptomatic control group respectively ,demonstrating a significant different (p<0.04 for T1/2 and p<0.01 for RA120). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between delayed gastric EMPTYING and GERD, particularly related to distal gastric function.

Seventy one dairy cattle Iranian Holstein-Firisian breed, with left ABOMASAL displacement were surgically treated by using right and left flank omentopexy and abomasopexy. The LDA was diagnosed on min 4 days and max 30 days post partum. Different surgical techniques are used in Iran for correction of displaced abomasums but the mostly done standing in right and left flank approach. Only one-type suture materials were used to close abdominal wall and skin.Follow up information was obtained, at regular intervals, from two hours through three months. Starting to feed intake, defecation, rumen contraction, appearance of the hair growth on the operation site, milk production, reproductive performance, surgical complication were obtained for each animal. Our results suggest performance for a right flank omentopexy in cattle with displaced abomasums is better.